7^th International Conference on Obesity and Chronic Diseases November 28-29, 2024 Bali, Indonesia

Obesity has been emerged as an important risk factor for the respiratory diseases due to adoption of sedentary lifestyles and increased pollution. In obese people, Fat tissue accumulation damages ventilatory function in adults and children. In other terms, Thoracic restriction associated with obesity is usually mild and is attributed to the mechanical effects of fat on the diaphragm and the chest wall resulting obstructive diaphragm excursion and reduced thoracic compliance. 

In order to control obesity, a proper diet should be followed. Diet is the term which relates the caloric intake over particular time. A proper diet should be consists of balanced nutrition with fewer calories. Very low calorie diet - A very low calorie diet (VLCD) is a diet which involves consuming less than 3350 kilojoules (800 calories) per day and fewer intakes of food containing saturated fat, added sugars and alcohol.

It is a well-known fact that overweight (having a BMI of 30 or above) are at greater risk of developing metabolic chronic disorders like type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance. Accumulation of adipose tissue affects metabolism by secreting hormones, glycerol, and other substances including leptin, cytokines, adiponectin, and proinflammatory substances, and non-esterified fatty acids which are involved in the development of insulin resistance and disruption of fat metabolism. And the secretion of these substances will be increased leading to diabetes in obese individuals.

Auto Immune diseases mainly related with decreased metabolic rate, decreased thermogenesis, and interrelate with a higher body mass index (BMI). As over weight is linked to many endocrine abnormalities including thyroid dysfunction .In obese people due to excess secretion of hormones, it influences the activity of thyroid hormones and coincides with dysfunctions of thyroid immunity and thyroid gland.

Tumour cells are initiated and progressed in obese by combined effects of chronic low level inflammatory environment of adipose tissue causing DNA damaging, reduced DNA repair and the endocrine alterations leading to cancer, and Fat tissue produces excess amounts of oestrogen.

HIV-infected patients who underwent the antiretroviral therapy (CART) can live longer but comorbidities emerge earlier and more frequently. Among them metabolic and cardiovascular diseases are two leading causes of death for HIV-infected patients. As Overweight cause risk factors like reducing immunity through various auto immune disorders and chronic diseases in the general population that increasingly affect HIV-infected people. Hence obesity seems to have a detrimental effect on immune recovery after CART initiation.

Moreover, obesity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases were associated with several other health consequences like adipose tissue dysfunction, increased work of breathing the additive effects can make it a struggle to breathe and cause dyspnea -shortness of breath. Obesity also increases the risk of pulmonary disease, stroke, heart attack, and dementia and others like Transient nocturnal desaturation is due to decreased blood oxygen levels

Overweight and obese kids are the result of hereditary applications and other environmental factors. The child would going to remain hefty in adolescence and affected with further complications like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and others by the pattern of Physiology and genetic history of child.

It is the nutritional disorder among children and adolescents, according to the global report, around 20-24% children are under the cover of obesity and also the prevalence of obesity related risks like particularly obesity related–sleep disorders and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are mostly visible in children in past few years, and type2 diabetes in paediatric patients.

Due to excess body mass there baby growth and function will be effected, The major risk factor for obese pregnant women is difficulty during vaginal delivery and also there is a risk of miscarriage, and a very high need of cesarean section and involves risk complications like C-section wounds and infections.

Genetics contribute a one third part of obesity with the discovery of more than 50 genes that are strongly associated with it. The presence or absence of genetic factors tells susceptibility to obesity. In general, people who have obesity have multiple genes that susceptible them to gain excess weight. Such genes are the fat mass and obesity-associated genes (FTO gene), which are found in up to 50% of the population.

Obesity or overweight is obtained due to lack of physical inactivity, improper eating patterns, increased stress levels, not enough sleep. Over weight leads to several health complications like chronic diseases and others. The risk factors associated with obesity are of 2 kinds, some can be altered like unhealthy life style habits and environment. And others are like long-term unaltered such as family history, hereditary, race and ethnicity and sex.

There are numerous advantages to using an ozone sauna. At Nouveau Health & Wellness, we frequently advise patients seeking weight loss and improved exercise regimen efficacy to pursue this course of treatment. But it can also enhance health in a variety of ways. Thanks to the action of ozone on hemoglobin and red blood cells (erythrocytes), this very successful technology allows for the reduction of the chain of fatty acids, which promotes the clearance of fat cells and improves tissue oxygenation.

Liposuction is not an overall weight loss method or a treatment, just a kind of cosmetic surgery, which alters the body shape by breaking or sucking up the body fat which is undesirable. It is mainly worked on the abdomen, thighs, buttocks, neck, chin, upper and backs of the arms, and calves. The unwanted fat is removed through a hollow instrument, named as cannula, which is applied with powerful, high pressure vacuum and inserted under the skin.

Overweight can be under control through weight loss supplements and drugs, the  prescript weight loss medications  along with a low calorie diet and the doctors approved exercise plan will give the best outcome and less side effects. It is noticed that 3%-9% of weight loss is assisted with the anti-obesity drugs.

Ayurveda medications are the safe and holistic methods for management of overweight with no any side effects. In nature many herbs were helpful for burning fats. Naturopathy deals with the weight loss management by using the elements obtained from the nature for long term benefits.

Fitness programmes and diet should be planned regularly for controlling over weight, which are science based and associated with yoga-specific asana, cardio exercise, breathing exercise and meditation.

Digital therapeutics are boon in 21 century, To create lifestyle behaviour changes by using software and remote monitoring tools with less medications. These programmes are incorporated by tracking sensors which gather patient health data along with their regular counselling delivered through smart mobile app and other smart devices as a self-report.

During past decades the growth curve of obesity is raising, even though one of the main global health objectives for the year 2020 is to reduce the prevalence of obesity among the population, but the situation is not satisfactory. Therefore there is more attentiveness is authorized on obesity management through,

A well-known scenario, Prevention is better than cure. Preventive measures are the primary health care options to avoid chronic diseases by obtaining healthy life style changes.